Debug Maven Surefire unit tests by running them in JDWP "wait for debugger" mode (`-Dmaven.surefire.debug`) and attaching to the forked test JVM using **jdb** (preferred for CLI/agent debugging), IntelliJ, or VS Code. Use when asked to debug/step through a failing JUnit test, attach a debugger to a Maven test run, or run `mvn test -Dtest=Class[#method]` suspended on a port (including multi-module `-pl` runs). The JVM will block at startup until a debugger attaches; the agent should attach with `jdb -attach <host>:<port>` and drive the session from the terminal.
Software Development
